OWERRI, Nigeria — A surprisingly simple fuel modification could help tackle one of diesel engines' biggest problems: pollution. Researchers reviewing studies from around the world have found that mixing small amounts of water into diesel fuel can dramatically reduce harmful emissions while maintaining — and in some cases improving — engine efficiency.
The research team from the Federal University of Technology Owerri examined Water-in-Diesel Emulsion (WiDE) technology, which blends tiny water droplets into diesel fuel using surfactants. These surfactants keep the water suspended in the fuel for up to 60 days.
When the fuel ignites, the trapped water rapidly turns to vapor, creating a "micro-explosion" that breaks the fuel into finer droplets and improves combustion. The results: WiDE reduced NOx emissions by up to 67% and particulate matter by up to 68%.
"Water-in-diesel emulsions are a practical and cost-effective way to make diesel engines cleaner," said lead author Dr. Chukwuemeka Fortunatus Nnadozie. "Because the technology does not require redesigning the engine, it offers an immediate path toward lower emissions."
